Review Of The Theatre - 812 Words

The theatre is a wonderful place to go and relax with friends, family, or by yourself. I am delighted that you decided to watch The How and the Why. This play is modern, and it is very different from other plays. The How and the Why involves feminism, science, and a lot of dramatic scenes. In addition, it is a very surprising and touching play that relates to everyone’s life. After directing this play, my life was personally affected. I realized how we all have conflicts with our mothers, especially young girls. I reflected on how mothers are always trying to help their children, but kids do not notice their attempts. Children also do not understand how much their mothers are willing to sacrifice. As a child, I remember getting into†¦show more content†¦Just like most children, Rachel eventually ends up going to her mother when she is scared, hurt, or sad. The reason being, everyone knows their mother is the best at comforting and giving advice. The How and the Why takes place in present time, and it is located in Massachusetts. The setting varies from a professor’s office in Cambridge to a dive bar in Boston. The play focuses on the life of Zelda and Rachel. Although the women are uncomfortable and nervous when they first meet, they are related. In addition, they are very similar. Therefore, Zelda tries to prevent Rachel from making the same decisions as her. The women’s relationship starts to develop when Zelda and Rachel start discussing science. There is an important science conference called NOORB that Rachel applied to but initially did not get in. Zelda is on the conference board, and she finds Rachel’s abstract to be very interesting. Therefore, she explains how she can get Rachel a spot. However, Rachel does not want to present her abstract without her boyfriend. After NOORB, Rachel goes through the stages of grief for multiple reasons. Zelda tries to comfort her, and she wants to spend time with her daughter. Therefore, she invites Rachel to spend Christmas with her in an inn in New Hampshire. However, Rachel refuses because she does not want to grow close to her birth mother. Rachel knows if she becomes close with Zelda, she will be heartbroken when she loses another parent.Show MoreRelatedReview Of The Fiske Theatre Essay894 Words   |  4 Pagespaper was interest to read what Aaron wrote about the Fiske Theatr e because I am also familiar with this theatre and liked to read how he viewed it. What is this writer trying to tell you? This writer is trying to tell me about the history of and the nostalgia surrounding the Fiske Theatre. What is the paper’s community research topic? (Please write the topic in the space provided.) This paper s community research topic is the Fiske Theatre, located in Oak Grove, Louisiana and the history as wellRead MoreTheatre Review of Scorcher Essay801 Words   |  4 PagesTheatre Review of Scorcher I thought that the set was quite spacious and was well organised out. The set had many different illustrations that gave a good effect. The actors had plenty of room and not for one minute did the set the stage looked squashed claustrophobic. The stage was also set out in a circle where the audience would sit around the stage and the actors would perform while being surrounded by the audience. This type of seating made the play more interestingRead MoreLive theatre review of Bouncers Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesBouncers; 17th of October at High Wycombe Swan Theatre. Bouncers is a comical, yet serious dive into urban nightlife. The actors use multi-role to play a variety of different characters with hilarious results. Throughout the updated version of the play, John Godber (original writer and director) highlighted his intentions through Lucky Eric’s daunting monologues; we still drink too much as a society today. Nonetheless, the dated stereotypes and the use of Frank Sinatra and ‘Thriller’ did make theRead More Review of a live piece of theatre - Blood Brothers Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesReview of a live piece of theatre - Blood Brothers Review of a live piece of theatre Introduction:We went to see the Blood Brothers on the 23rd of May at the Phoenix Theatre. The plot of the story was that there were two twins separated at birth. One of the twins grows up in a middle class house hold. The other one in a working class house hold we see the different ways in which they grow up and the clothes that they wear are different. The play examines the issue of social in BritainRead MoreEssay about 39 Steps Live Theatre Review730 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Earlier this summer on the 14th of August at the Criterion Theatre in Oxford Circus, I went the evening performance of The 39 Steps. The 39 Steps was originally a book by John Buchan set before the First World War, the book was later adapted into a film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It was a serious book and film following a bachelor called Richard Hannay who meets a mysterious German woman at a play, the women begs him to take her home with him and later reveals she is a spy trying to discoverRead MoreAnalysis Of Forster s The Machine Stops 759 Words   |  4 Pagestheatrical and Neil Duffield did bring an adaption of â€Å"The Machine Stops† to the United Kingdom where it will be directed by Julie Forster in June 2016 (Allfree). Even more interesting is that while this is one way social media may be approached in theatre, theatre can also be approached, appreciated, and reviewed via social media. Social media gives people an ease of use, is a quick way to communicate, and it is able to reach many people. Because of these things, social media is quickly changing â€Å"trendsRead MoreWith modern technology and developments such as the internet, we have been given loads of ways to1400 Words   |  6 Pagesto put our opinions up for people all over the world to read, if they wish. This has had many impacts on the performing arts industry and its counterpart, arts criticism. These days, â€Å"a potential ticket buyer†¦ [is] just as likely to come across a review.. on someone’s personal blog as they are to†¦ find the opinion of an experienced critic† (Seabright, 2010). People are becoming more cautious to what they spend there money on, you can’t ask the box office for a refund so more research is being doneRead MoreThe Works Of Vincent Dance Theatre1687 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I am going to be analysing the works of Vincent Dance The atre and how they have used and practised different theories in their work. I am also going to be exploring different cultural concepts from the work and how they relate to society. The director of Vincent Dance Theatre is Charlotte Vincent, the founded the company in 1994 and has continued to create such interesting and powerful work which involves a very wide range of different concepts and cultural meanings. Charlotte VincentRead MoreJukebox Musicals Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesJukebox musicals began in film and later shifted to theatre. They had begun to make theatre more popular with the public, which had begun to gravitate towards film and music. By combining the two, they gain some of the same as well as a whole new audience. I will discuss how this came to be by speaking of the shift that occurred. But what exactly is a jukebox musical? Well, the Merriam-Webster dictionary defines a musical as â€Å"(n) a film or theatrical production typically of a sentimental or humorousRead MoreEvaluation Of A Mini Reading Lesson Plan1300 Words   |  6 PagesLanguage Arts 3rd – 5th Grade, 2013, p. 20). 6. Strategy Objectives: a. Content Objectives: Fluency and expression b. Student Outcome Objectives: †¢ The students will create a Readers Theatre script using the book â€Å"Finklehopper Frog Cheers† (Livingston Lies, 2005). †¢ The students will perform a Readers Theatre piece. †¢ The students will read with fluency and expression 7. Anticipatory Set: Have you ever wanted to go to a birthday party or to a new friend’s house, but were worried that you might

The Effects Of Marriage, Love And Love In Charlotte...

From the first time Rochester met Jane, Rochester had feelings for Jane because she was honest and showed entirely truth within herself; something other girls in that time period lacked. Yet, Rochester cruelly is willing to make her lie, to change who Jane as a person to gain her trust. The author provides the clear picture that this marriage does not work within their society; however, Jane learns to love him so much she will trust him blindly. In Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, the author utilizes intense diction of Rochester and Jane to illustrate the effects of Rochester’s secrets about having a wife on Jane’s internal conflict of marriage, love, and trust; thus proving to the reader that when secrets hurt another individual, allowing†¦show more content†¦Leaving Jane with, â€Å"I see you would ask why I keep such a woman in my house: when we have been married a year and a day, I will tell you; but not now. Are you satisfied, Jane? Do you accept my solutio n of the mystery?† The sure assumption that Rochester explicitly admits to Jane he would have waited when they were married ‘a year and a day’ before telling her the truth, proves the type of person Rochester is and his hypocritical beliefs of marital partnership. Thus leaving the reader to conclude that they assumingly would have a baby during that time, so Jane would have no choice but to stay with him. Rochester speaks â€Å"hardily and recklessly† to Jane as she shows no words or acknowledgment to retreat. However, Rochester continuously becomes more violent to his words not able to accept his own fault. He claims that â€Å"fate has out-maneuvered me, or Providence has checked me,—perhaps the last. I am little better than a devil at this moment; and, as my pastor there would tell me, deserve no doubt the sternest judgments of God, even to the quenchless fire and deathless worm.† Rochester’s use of ‘outmaneuvered’ revea ls the irony of ‘fate’ outwitting him for his marriage when he kept this secret from Jane. Witnessing this side of Rochester has made Jane very stunned at the sight of his betrayal. The sole idea that Rochester feels attacked and that ‘fate has out-maneuvered† him, reflects RochesterShow MoreRelated Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre - A Romantic Ending In An Anti-Romantic Novel1166 Words   |  5 PagesJane Eyre - A Romantic Ending In An Anti-Romantic Novel This paper discusses the ending of Jane Eyre, discussing whether it is a â€Å"good† ending. The paper draws on three criticisms of both the novel and Romantic literature in general to conclude that, yes, it is indeed a good ending because it both fits the prevailing realism of the main character’s worldview, and conforms to the predominant literary trends of the period. The climate in which Charlotte Bronte wrote her magnumRead MoreSimilarities Between Charlotte Bronte’s Life and Jane Eyre’s Life7010 Words   |  29 PagesABSTRACT This study mainly concerns with the similarities between Jane Eyre and Charlotte Bronte’s life. The aim is to find out how Charlotte Bronte’s life and experiences affect Jane Eyre. The most frequently and the most effective similarities from the earlier parts of their lives to the end of their lives are given in this study. It is also aimed to determine the frequency of similarities and effectiveness of these similarities by analyzing their lives. After analyzing the collectedRead MoreSimilarities Between Charlotte Brontes Life and Jane Eyres Life6996 Words   |  28 PagesABSTRACT This study mainly concerns with the similarities between Jane Eyre and Charlotte Bronte’s life. The aim is to find out how Charlotte Bronte’s life and experiences affect Jane Eyre. The most frequently and the most effective similarities from the earlier parts of their lives to the end of their lives are given in this study. It is also aimed to determine the frequency of similarities and effectiveness of these similarities by analyzing their lives. After analyzing the collectedRead More A Plea for Help in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1563 Words   |  7 Pages One early example of anorexia is present in the novel Jane Eyre. Written in the mid-nineteenth century by Charlotte Brontà «, this book describes a young girl whose personality bears striking similarities with that of a diagnosed anorexic. The life of the main character, Jane, has also been shown to share innumerable similarities with Brontà «s own life. Biographical information from researchers and aut obiographical information from Jane Eyre (whether intentional or not) verify that Brontà « had an eatingRead More Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre as a Coming of Age Story Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesJane Eyre as a Coming of Age Story   Charlotte Brontes classic, Jane Eyre, is a coming of age story. The main character, Jane, travels from the innocence of childhood through the maturity of adulthood. During this journey, Jane goes through the battle of education vs. containment, where she attempts to learn about herself and about the world. She must constantly battle a containment of sorts, however, whether it be a true physical containment or a mental one. This battle of education vsRead MoreWrite About the Ways the Difficulties of Love Are Explored in â€Å"Jane Eyre† and Claudio and Hero’s Relationship in â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing†.2162 Words   |  9 PagesCharlotte Bronte’s novel, â€Å"Jane Eyre† and William Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing†, both focus on the themes of love; â€Å"Jane Eyre† was written in 1851, the Victorian era whereas â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† was written in 1599, the Elizabethan era. Although there m ay be over hundreds of years between them, both texts exhibit the ways the difficulties of love can be explored. Both texts imply that there will be difficulties as the relationships are established. Charlotte Bronte presentsRead MoreEssay about Passion and Practicality of Jane Eyre1862 Words   |  8 PagesPassion and Practicality of Jane Eyre      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre is a coming-of-age story about an unconventional womans development within a society of strict rules and expectations. At pivotal moments in Janes life, she makes choices which are influenced by her emotions and/or her reason. Through the results of those choices, Jane learns to balance passion and practicality to achieve true happiness.    Jane is a spirited woman, and her emotions give her a strength of characterRead MoreConforming To Society’S Rules Is Not An Option For Everyone.1127 Words   |  5 Pagesorphan Jane Eyre. Jane lived during the Victorian Era in England. During this time period women did not have the same freedoms as men, so as of result women lived under constant oppression. Women had to suffer loveless marriages and the inability to survive without men. Not only, were women oppressed emotionally they were not able to be independent from men. Jane Eyre objects the rules of society and attempts to find passion and independence in her life. Within Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà «, Jane Eyre’sRead MoreTheme Of Women In Jane Eyre1798 Words   |  8 Pages Yet, Charlotte Brontà « breaks the continuous flow of orthodox novels by writing Jane Eyre, a novel with a passionate female protagonist who hinders society’s power of conformity. Brontà « illuminates the social confinement of wo men in the Victorian era through Jane’s development of character by easing Jane from respectfully docile to passionately independent, as seen through a psychoanalytic criticism lens in Annimaria Tiainen’s Becoming Jane: Identity, Dependency, and Autonomy in Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢sRead MoreJane Eyre : A True Love Story1875 Words   |  8 Pagesand Charlotte Bronte agitated their pieces of work during different times and come from two different backgrounds. Although these things set these two women apart, their use of symbolism can be closely compared to one another. Wide Sargasso Sea, the prelude to Jane Eyre, paints a picture of how accounts and understandings differ from each novel, creating a sense of characters pasts being unavoidable. The Wide Sargasso Sea is an imaginative and innovative rejoinder to Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre

Fundamentals of Database Systems_Assignment

Questions: 1. What is an entity type? What is an entity set? Explain the differences among an entity, an entity type, and an entity set.2. Explain the difference between an attribute and a value set.3. What is a relationship type? Explain the differences among a relationship instance, a relationship type, and a relationship set.4. What are the origins of the object-oriented approach?5. What primary characteristics should an OID possess? Answers: 1. In case of a database, any real world entity will be represented as an entity type. An attribute describes a characteristic of an entity type. An entity set is a set of entities that have same set of attributes. So, the differences among entity, an entity type and entity sets is as follows, Entity is a real world object than can be represented by a set of characteristics or attributes. An entity type is a class of specific entities sharing same set of attributes. An entity set is the set of entity types. For example, in a Library database, Book is an entity type. The attributes will be ISBN number, name of the book, Author name etc. The entity set will be Book. Where different books will be individual entities and part of the entity set Book. 2. An attribute is a characteristic of an entity set or relationship set. Each entity or relationship instance will have certain values for each attribute. An attribute will have a value set that is the set of values for the attribute. For example, there is an entity set Student. The attributes can be name, age sex of the students. The value set for the attribute sex will be a set of two values male and female. 3. A relationship type is a set of ordered pairs of the values from participating entities. For example, there may be E1 and E2 as entity sets. R1 is a relationship type between E1 and E2 for attributes e11, e12 and e21, e22. The relationship R1 will be a set or ordered pairs of (e11, e12, e21, e22). Here e11, e12 are attributes from E1; e21, e22 are attributes from E2. At any particular point of time, there will be set of relationship instances of a relationship type. The set is called relationship set. For example, there can be two entity sets Student and Course with following attributes, Student StudentID Name DOB Sex And Course CourseID CourseName A relationship type Enrolls connects Student and Course. It represents the how students are enrolled for different courses. The relationship type Enrolls will be, Enrolls CourseID StudentID The attribute CourseID comes from entity type Course and the attribute StudentID comes from entity set StudentID. 4. The origin of object oriented databases are object oriented programming languages. For example SmallTalk. In C ++ and early object oriented languages, objects were created and used to be transient till execution of the code. In object oriented databases, the objects became persistent. To define the internal states of the objects, instances variables are used. These variables can help to define different behaviors and functions on those objects. 5. OID or Object Identification helps to identify objects uniquely in an object oriented database. The primary characterizations of OIDs are, 1. The data contained in the object will not depend on the OIDs of Objects. These information are not used to create the OID. For example, an object of class Student can have different sets of values for different students. And there may be different attributes for a student like name, DOB etc. but studentID that is the OID of student object will be decided uniquely and independent of name, DOB etc. of any student. 2. The object system will generate OIDs. No program or user can control it. Programs can use OID for referencing to an object but cannot modify or change it. 3. OID will be valid for the lifetime of an object. During the lifetime the OID for the object cannot be changed, however, changes of data content is permissible. References Elmasri, R. (2014). Fundamentals of Database Systems (6th ed.). Pearson.

Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro Essay Example

Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro Essay Individuality in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel, Never Let Me Go, is expected from the clones although society, along with the guardians, expects the children to conform to human standards, however, humans do not consider the clones as the same species. Starting at Hailsham, the students were taught to express themselves through their creative potential to be accepted as individuals. As the clones grow older, the search for identity becomes more of a challenge with the knowledge of the real world, exemplifying the necessity of independence in their lives. The struggle to find independence creates obstacles on their life paths, challenging the clones to find their purpose aside from their set purpose given by the human society. Through the representation of conformity in Kazuo Ishiguro’s dystopian novel Never Let Me Go, the search for identity is illustrated as an essential aspect of life for the characters in the novel. Conformity is practiced at Hailsham through the process of teaching the students how to deal with reality in the future without a clear basis of what is out there or what is to become of them.Everything about the outside world is held from them, and that is the norm. Individuality is advocated through the children’s art. In Never Let Me Go, the key to the clones’ life is creativity. Without art one is not human, therefore he has no soul. At Hailsham, animal imagery takes on a large roll. With animal imagery comes the relation of creativity and the imagination, connecting the clones to the idea of animals. Ishiguro’s use of rhetoric creates a slight relation of the binary oppositional situation existing between the humans and clones: The clones having every single organ, bone, or tendon as a human, but are only relevant and available at the humans’ needs whenever necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At Hailsham, the students’ curriculum is based around the art world. As a child Tommy avoided being creative. He was originally made fun of

Men And Women Essays - Gender Studies, Gender Role, Free Essays

Men And Women Essays - Gender Studies, Gender Role, Free Essays Men and Women Whoever said men and women are equal must be blind. Women have always taken a back seat to men in American society. This occurrence is not only found in the United States, but in other countries as well. It's safe to say that the Declaration of Independence started it and it has continued to the present. There is one set of standards that apply to men, and another set of standards that apply to women. This is evident in the home, workplace, and society in general. The problem of men and women not being equal can be traced back to the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence proclaimed that all men are created equal. There was no mention of women being equal, only men. At the time of the drafting of the document, the men had all the power. The document was even drafted by a man. Women were confined to the home to take care of the domestic housekeeping duties. Look no further than the home to see the first sign that men and women are not equal. The traditional role of the man was to work and the money he made would be used by all in the household. The traditional role of the woman was to stay home, take care of the children, clean the house, and cook. Because society has always associated money with power, the person bringing home the money had the power. The man often makes the final decision on all household matters because he has the money. The workplace is another place where men and women are not equal. The most obvious sign starts at the top. Look at the CEO of the corporation. The majority of CEOs are men. Women serving as CEOs are a rare sight. Another sign of the unfairness can also be found in the lower ranks. Men are often applauded for being assertive and giving orders. By giving orders, men are taking a leadership role. Demonstrating leadership ability is a quality that employers often look for. On the other hand, women who are assertive and give orders are not well liked in the work place. They are considered as bitches by men. For women to be well liked in the work place, they have to be subordinate to the men. The salary of men and women who do the exact same work differ. Women often make less than men even though they do the exact same thing. In 1990, the median income was $29,172 for men and $20,586 for women. The fact that women often hold lower ranking positions contribute to the ! problem. There are many gender stereotypes associated with certain jobs. Secretaries, nurses, and maids are associated with women. Corporate executives, lawyers, doctors, politicians, and construction workers are associated with men. Society as a whole has also contributed to the problem. It starts at the hospital when a baby is born. Boys get blue blankets while girls get pink blankets. Toys are targeted at either boys or girls. Toys that are targeted at boys include trucks, blocks, guns, and soldiers. Toys that are targeted at girls include dolls, kitchen utensils, and doll houses. Boys are raised to be aggressive, tough, dominant, and daring. Girls are raised to be passive, emotional, sweet, and subordinate. The pattern continues on through marriage and beyond. A clear example of male dominance can be seen when a woman gets married. The woman would change her last name to that of the man's. She also loses her first name in some instances too. When a piece of mail is addressed to both parties, the name reads Mr. and Mrs. John Doe. The woman's name is not mentioned. Another example that men and women are not equal are the terms used to described the sexual habits of men and women. Men who are promiscuous are considered studs, macho, and manly. Men often boast about the many partners they have had. Women who are promiscuous are considered sluts, whores, and prostitutes. Women tend to hide the number of partners they have had. If a man has sex before marriage, he is getting experience and exploring his options. If a woman has sex before marriage, she is not considered

Be Your Own Ideal Reader

Be Your Own Ideal Reader Be Your Own Ideal Reader Be Your Own Ideal Reader By Michael Our article Your Ideal Reader prompted a response from veteran writer Kilburn Hall, who wrote: There is no â€Å"ideal† reader and if you start trying to write for one specific audience, you’re going to tune out others that might actually be interested in reading your book. How can Mr. Hall can say that? Because, like most successful writers, he is his own ideal reader! Instead of trying to please an imaginary member of a writers market (middle-class men aged 35-65), he is trying to please himself. And like every successful writer, he is single-minded about catering to this ideal reader, which happens to be himself. So his manuscripts satisfy editors, and his books satisfy readers. When you look at it that way, though, its not true that writing for one specific audience will tune out others. If you dont decide who youre writing for, even if its yourself, your writing becomes vague, even useless. A finance article for corporate accountants probably wont help college students cut their expenses. I would say this principle applies to novels as well. If you write an adventure novel because you really like adventure novels, the lovers of adventure novels will perk up, and other readers can at least tell theyre reading the real thing. Writing for specific readers, or a specific purpose, doesnt keep other people from reading your piece, just because you werent thinking about them when you wrote it. Yes, youll tune out some readers if your publisher prints on the cover, To Be Read By Middle Class Women Only, which is why your publisher doesnt do that. But your publisher is very interested in making sure middle class women know when a book is targeted for them. The pastels and flowers on the cover might tune out some middle class men. But if you dont know what youre writing about, youll tune everybody out. One group that Mr. Halls message is especially relevant for, however: aspiring writers who are willing to compromise their vision to make a sale. You have to write the book thats in you, not the book that youd like to think was in you. If you pretend to be writing for particular ideal readers just because they buy a lot of books, but your heart isnt in it, the quality of your writing will suffer, and you wont fool your readers either. But if you say, as Herman Melville did, I want to write a novel about a white whale, and I dont care if anybody else reads it, youll do all right. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?Use a Dash for Number RangesStarting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

Iraq War Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Iraq War - Annotated Bibliography Example In addition, it analyzes the question of the beneficiary in broader terms by looking at possible ways, long and short-term impacts. It also considers economic and interest of China and US concerning the aftermath of the war. This article notes that China has emerged as the biggest economic beneficiary of the war by snagging five lucrative deals, hence helping the nation to overcome its security risks. It also notes that China displaced US as Iraq’s trading partner making them loose on many opportunities and trade ties. The article notes that Iraq-US war led to the death of over 4500 soldiers and over 30,000 injured and more than $1 trillion operational cost in the US. Similarly, US failed to establish capitalist democracy, making them loose. On the other hand, Iraq lost over 100,000 civilians and the displacement of over 2 million people. This was a loss to the two nations involved in the war. The book talks about grafts in the Administration of George Bush and the ways it went down as a lasting damage to the country. The book also outlines the decisions that Bush took to invade Iraq without any positive impact on the Americans. According to the book, the US was a loser in the war against Iraq, and it will take the nation decades to recover from the effects. The book notes that neither US nor Iraq won the battle since they all loss because there was material waste among other factors. US failed to achieve its control, but instead laid a framework for other nations such as China to take control of Iraq. It concludes by stating that political mileage was never reached as America had anticipated, and this led to their loss. The author of this book argues that the US-Iraq war was a blessing to the enemies since Iraq benefited because Shiite got power after eighty years of oppression and exclusion under the leadership of Saddam Hussein. There was power balance in Iraq as minority communities

Read below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Read below - Essay Example Such a status quo does not behove for a peaceful resolution of the issue of Taiwanese sovereignty or the Chinese ‘One China Policy’. Changes that have occurred in China in the last two decades that have the potential to propel it to the forefront in world economics and politics create a platform for China to be more accommodative to a peaceful resolution to the irritants that exist between it and Taiwan. Recent events, like the historic visits of the Head of State of Taiwan to mainland China add to the potential for. It is against this backdrop that the author lays down a possible political solution to the vexing issues of China’s insistence on only one China and the autonomy aspirations of China. The political solution suggested by the author is the â€Å"Greater China Union†, wherein the one China policy of mainland China is accepted on one hand and some of the autonomy aspirations of Taiwan are conceded by China. By worldwide acceptance of the fait accompli of a single state of China, the pride of China remains unaffected, which would find acceptance to the more realistic politicians in Beijing and also derive the benefit of concessions on autonomy aspirations of Taiwan. The author also lays out the status of Taiwan within the â€Å"Greater China Union† concept. The â€Å"Greater China Concept† calls for an asymmetric relationship between that of the federated state (Taiwan) and a greater larger federate power (China). The asymmetry lies in Taiwan maintaining greater internal autonomy and giving up some of its international autonomy in the potential Union of the two federations. The first element in the potential union is the demilitarization of Taiwan under international guarantees on the similar lines of the Finland-Aland model, already a real precedent in existence. The Aland Islands are demilitarized under international guarantees and Finland looks after the foreign affairs of the Aland

Targeting Teenagers Essay Example for Free

Targeting Teenagers Essay When taking a look around at the night life of any city of the western culture we may come to a conclusion that pubs and party places are stuffed with under aged children below 20 or even 18. These kids need more energy to survive the rush of the nightlife therefore it is not unusual to see them drinking energy drinks – or even mixing it with alcoholic beverages. Do the producers and marketers of such energy drinks like Red Bull or Monster think of the unhealthy effects of these drinks on adolescents? A perception can be made that such beverages are highly effecting and endangering the health of their consumers – teenagers and adults – however, their producers are targeting at the most vulnerable and willing to spend audience – the teenagers of the western cosmopolitan cities. The long term goal of producers and marketers of energy drinks is not less but to own as high percentage of the market share as possible, using any kinds of marketing tools, without taking into consideration ethics and the health risks caused by energy drinks. Health Effects. It is a well-known fact that energy drinks such as Red Bull or Monster contain ingredients that could be harmful not only for teens but for adults as well in the long run. According to pharmaceutical studies of Clauson et al. (2008) ginseng, taurine, guarana, bitter orange, and caffeine – key ingredients of energy drinks – may interact with each other in a way that can cause symptoms varying from headache, insomnia, high blood-pressure, stroke, or even heart attack. Various sources from the Internet show evidence that teenagers‘ health was harmed after consuming energy drinks. In Colorado Springs, several high school students last year became ill after drinking Spike Shooter, a high caffeine drink, prompting the principal to ban the beverages. In March, four middle school students in Broward County, Florida, went to the emergency room with heart palpitations and sweating after drinking the energy beverage Redline. (Parker-Pope, 2008) ‘Three years ago, Ross Cooney, 18, from Ireland, died after he shared four cans of Red Bull and played in a basketball match. ‘ (Nordqvist, 2004). In the mean time it must be mentioned that not only the ingredients can be harmful and risky for the teenage consumers but the lack of responsibility during drinking energy drinks plays an important role as well. While adults are – or should be – able to keep their limits, teenagers act in the most unexpected ways. ‘But the biggest worry is how some teens use the drinks. Some report downing several cans in a row to get a buzz, and a new study found a surprising number of poison ­center calls from young people getting sick from too much caffeine. ‘ (Johnson, 2006). Other sources underline that another factor effecting adolescents is strongly in connection with their behaviour. Energy drinks may negatively affect those teenagers, who are more aggressive by nature, ‘High consumption of energy drinks is associated with toxic jock behavior, a constellation of risky and aggressive behaviors including unprotected sex, substance abuse and violence. ‘ (Parker-Pope, 2008) Based on the above risk factors and several other additional ones numerous countries and states have already banned – or attempted to ban energy drinks, however, they were not able to sustain the state of rejection for a longer time span. For instance France, Denmark and Norway have banned Red Bull for a certain amount of time – the ban was upheld by the European Court mainly because the caffeine levels were considered to be safe and negative effects of other ingredients were not supported. The European Union enforced Red Bull and other energy drink providers to warn their consumers of the high caffeine content (Nordqvist, 2004). In the United States there have been several attempts as well to ban energy drinks – to protect adolescents, but the law does not make any restrictions possible. Energy drinks, which are classified as dietary supplements, are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). That means they dont have to follow the same strict limits that the FDA places on potentially harmful ingredients such as caffeine (a primary component of energy drinks) that soda makers must follow. (Park, 2011) Based on the above studies a conclusion can be made that even though energy drinks contain ingredients that can be harmful if consumed un-responsibly, the level of ingredients are still considered to be safe. Teenagers must be taught that consumption of such beverages should be kept below a certain limit or should be avoided. Attracting Teenagers Why is it so attractive for teenagers to consume Red Bull, Hell, Burn, Monster, or any other energy drinks? Most probably because these drinks are considered to be the drink of popular, young, successful people – mostly sportsmen. Goodman’s video about The Merchants of cool (2001) describes this situation clearly – being cool is essential to teenagers to be in the spotlight. Marketing cool became very popular these days, due to the well known fact that teenagers of metropolitan cities tend to use – eat, drink, wear – whatever they believe is cool and in the mean time their parents are willing to pay for these items. In the sudden a product becomes mass or becomes un-cool according to these teenagers, they are not willing to purchase them anymore. The teenagers who are willing to pay for the products represent a strong and rich audience. Therefore marketers should keep this in front of their eyes when designing new marketing strategies, mostly when talking about brands that tend to target the teenagers. If we take a look at what the energy drink brands represent, it is visible that they are either committed sponsors of extreme sports, other popular sports, (Ho, 2006) or position themselves in the centre of leisure and parties (Arlidge, 2004). This certainly is cool amongst adolescents. It can be stated that Red Bull, Monster, or other beverages are the representatives of cool. Which cool teenager would not like snow boarding, skate boarding, monster trucks, air shows, Formula-1, cross motors, car racing or any other dangerous extreme sport like skydiving? (Helm, 2005) Therefore these producers target teenage buyers exactly they way they should be targeted. Does this seem unfair, or is this an example of perfect targeting? It must me mentioned that these energy drinks give the message to teens never to rest and always do something – to be always on the move. Today a usual American watches television approximately 4 hours 45 minutes per day (Shea et al. 2010, p. 165) hours per day. By the age an average teenager reaches the age of 21 he or she has watched more than 20 000 hours of television already. Most teenagers use the Internet throughout the day, however, only 28% of them looks for fitness and health tips (Oblinger, 2005). It is also stated that over 155 million children are overweight world wide, similarly in the United States and in the European Union, approximately 35% of adolescents are considered to be overweight or obese. (Shea et al. 2010, p. 166) Red Bull spends annually billions of dollars on not only sponsoring sports, but also building its own sports teams (Ho, 2006). Varying from numerous different sport categories, Red Bull attracts millions of teenagers towards these sports. For instance skate boarders Ryan Sheckler, Zered Bassett, Joey Brezinski, or Nick Dompierre are well known endorsers of Red Bull. They have millions of fans worldwide and hundreds of teenagers started skate boarding because of them. We can mention thousands of examples where an energy drink brand sponsored sport idol became the hero of teenagers. Because of these idols teenagers later on started doing sports instead of just sitting at home. Should parents thank Red Bull or Monster for doing this? Red Bull can easily reach its target audience through showing them how popular and trendy it is to drink their beverages. In the mean time they give the message to teenagers never to rest, and to do some sports, therefore they can become the cool and popular actors of their environment. Etical Behaviour After seeing what product Red Bull offers to teenagers, and knowing how these adolescents are reached, it is essential to take into consideration whether marketing tools of energy drink providers are ethical or not. The American Marketing Association clearly defines what is considered to be ethical from marketing point of view, however, it must be mentioned that acting ethically is always relative, it depends on the values and norms what a certain individual, or what the society tends to understand as ethical. American Marketing Association states that norms are the following: do not harm; foster trust in the marketing system; embrace ethical values; while ethical values are: honesty, responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency, citizenship (American Marketing Association, n. d.). Let us take a look at these one by one through the actions of Red Bull. Do not harm: ‘This means consciously avoiding harmful actions or omissions by embodying high ethical standards and adhering to all applicable laws and regulations in the choices we make. ‘ (American Marketing Association, n. d. ) We have seen that even though we cannot state clearly that energy drinks are harmful for teenagers, they could have negative effects if they are consumed un-responsibly. Red Bull strongly covers its decisions of the ingredients of beverages through a legal perspective. Currently the amount of caffeine and taurine are below the unhealthy limits, therefore Red Bull cannot be questioned from legal point of view. On the other hand if we take a look at a can of Red Bull it is not described clearly how many milligrams of caffeine or taurine could or should be consumed per day, or how many cans of energy drink can an adult drink without risking his or her health. Just like on the package of cigarettes or alcoholic beverages it should be mentioned in a visible, obvious way that drinking more than one can of energy drink per day could have harmful effects on health. Red Bull does not harm its buyers, however, the consumers should be educated more about the beverage. In return for this action Red Bull could be representing the care towards consumers. Foster trust in the marketing system: This means striving for good faith and fair dealing so as to contribute toward the efficacy of the exchange process as well as avoiding deception in product design, pricing, communication, and delivery of distribution (American Marketing Association, n. d. ). Red Bull communicates towards customers that their drinks will ‘Give you wings‘. They position themselves in the centre of extreme sports and parties where extra energy is essential. The picture they have built throughout the years is representing values of the company in an obvious, clear, and fair way. When we take a look at the price of a can of Red Bull it also represents that this beverage somehow stands out from other non-alcoholic drinks such as Coke or Sprite (Helm, 2005). Therefore they clearly give the message that this drink is something special and should be consumed only when the human body needs extra energy and wants to be on the top. Embrace ethical values: ‘This means building relationships and enhancing consumer confidence in the integrity of marketing by affirming these core values: honesty, responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency and citizenship. ‘ (American Marketing Association, n. d. ) Red Bull’s target audience is the male population, from teenagers to 25-30 year old adults (Helm, 2005), however, when looking at teenagers, those who really purchase – or pay for – the drinks are mostly their parents, of which Red Bull is confident, therefore they should give a message to the parents as well about honesty, responsibility, fairness, etc. Right now – according to previous studies of this paper – parents are the ones who trust the least these energy drinks and are scared of its negative effects on their teen children. Red Bull is honest, since what they state is true. Their beverage contains a high amount of taurine and caffeine that gives more energy and ‘wings‘. On the other hand it is hard to say they are responsible. They do not focus on telling their teen consumers that the drink can be harmful, and in the mean time they drag the adolescents to dangerous extreme sports. These surely will not win the trust of parents. Red Bull and other energy drink providers should win the trust of parents by either not letting teenagers drink their beverages, or create a certain type of drink that is – even if consumed un-responsibly – cannot have any negative effect on adolescents. All in all Red Bull’s actions of marketing are legally covered and they cannot be mentioned as an unethical company, however, certain restrictions and actions would make them appear in a much more positive scene. Conclusion and Recommendations We have come to the final conclusion that energy drinks contain ingredients that can be harmful for consumers – teens, adolescents, or adults – however; they are endangering health only if they are consumed irresponsibly. It is truly visible that the target audience of the highly caffeinated drinks are male adolescents (age 18-25), who tend to use more energy, or show the society how popular and cool they are. Sources have underlined that energy drinks are consumed by even younger teenagers, whose drinking habits may become dangerous, since they do not tend to focus on the healthy consumption of energy drinks. Red Bull and other similar beverage providers should put more focus on teenagers and provide them more details on how the energy drinks should be consumed. Marketers of Red Bull and other energy drinks focus obviously on gaining the highest market share possible, however, they are keeping all the necessary limits to be legally covered. Besides the possible unhealthy effects of the beverages these firm focus on sponsoring sports, which can help the health of teenagers in the long run, and attract them towards sports. The more they can effect teenagers to start doing some sports, the more helpful they can get for parents – therefore the presence of energy drinks on the market causes controversies. To avoid confrontation with parents in the future energy drink producers should focus more on educating consumers how to drink their beverages, and state clearly on the cans the ingredients of their products. The best possible solution would be to mention on the packaging visibly that teenagers below 18 should not consume energy drinks, or to create a product for younger teens that can be consumed without limits, at any time of the day. List of References American Marketing Association (n. d. ). Statement of Ethics. Available at: http://www. marketingpower. com/AboutAMA/Pages/Statement%20of%20Ethics. aspx (Accessed: 1 November 2011) Arlidge, J. (2004). How Red Bull woke up the teen market. The Guardian, 5 December [Online]. Available at: http://www. guardian. co. uk/media/2004/dec/05/advertising. formulaone (Accessed: 31 October 2011) Clauson et al. (2008). Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks. Pharmacy Today 14 (5), pp. 52–59. Conway, C. (2011). A Sports Marketing Success Story. Available at: http://www. sportsnetworker. com/2011/03/08/a-sports-marketing-success-story/ (Accessed: 29 October 2011) Helm, B. (2005). Energy Drinks Build Their Buzz. Bloomberg Businessweek, 5 January [Online]. Available at: http://www. businessweek. com/smallbiz/content/jan2005/sb2005015_8196_sb017. htm (Accessed: 29 October 2011) Ho, M. (2006). For Red Bull, Its Here, There and Everywhere. The Washington Post, 23 August [Online]. Available at: http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/22/AR2006082201516. html (Accessed: 28 October 2011) Merchants of Cool, The (2001). Directed by Barak Goodman [DVD]. A Report on the Creators Marketers of Popular Culture for Teenagers. s. l. , PBS Nordqvist, C. (2004). French ban on Red Bull (drink) upheld by European Court. Available at: http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/releases/5753. php (Accessed: 29 October 2011) Oblinger, D. G. (2005). Educating the Net Generation. s. l. , s. n. Olson, J. (2011) For some kids, drinks can pack a risky punch. Star Tribune, 13 February [Online]. Available at: http://www. startribune. com/lifestyle/wellness/116136804. html (Accessed: 1 November 2011) Park, A. (2011). Energy Drinks May Harm Health, Especially for Children. The Time, 14 February [Online]. Available at: http://healthland. time. com/2011/02/14/energy-drinks-may-harm-health/#ixzz1cRphxGJE (Accessed: 28 October 2011) Parker-Pope, T. (2008). Energy drinks linked to risky behavior among teenagers. The New York Times, 27 May [Online]. Available at: http://www. nytimes. com/2008/05/27/health/27iht-27well. 13247828. html (Accessed: 28 October 2011) Sarasalin, K. , Watthanachai T. (2009). The internationalization process of Red Bull from the perspectives of global expansion. Master Thesis. Malardalen University. Shea B. , Harvey-Berino J. , Johnson R. (2010). Watching television: how does it influence the dietary quality of children?. Nutrition Bulletin 35(2) pp. 165-171. Academic Search Complete [Online]. Available at: http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 1 November 2011) Sonneville K. , Gortmaker S. (2008). Total energy intake, adolescent discretionary behaviors and the energy gap. International Journal Of Obesity 32 (19-27). Academic Search Complete [Online]. Available at: http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 1 November 2011).

Socially Responsible Corporations Essay -- essays research papers

Socially Responsible Corporations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socially Responsible Companies are those that put the public interest as a priority in everything they do. These companies range anywhere from the food industry (Ben and Jerry’s) to communications (Motorola). These companies are noted as philanthropists, and are the leading companies in their markets. They also, most of the time, have very loyal employees who love working at their companies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The leader in socially responsible companies is the Fannie Mae Foundation. This company strives to help minorities in purchasing their first home. The Fannie Mae Foundation purchases mortgages from lenders and then repackages them for sale as securities. This has enabled them to keep mortgage rates low, and help the normally overlooked homebuyers, become homebuyers. Also, most uniquely, they help those of the Muslim faith, who follow the Islamic law which bans paying or collecting interest on debt. By setting up monthly payment plans based on property price, the Muslims are enabled to become homeowners and still keep law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second company listed as a major contributor as a socially responsible corporation is Procter and Gamble. Procter and Gamble has excelled in helping minorities and women, as well as aiding the needy in foreign countries. For example, P&G donates to the underprivileged youth in Vietnam, as well as providing for the fight against childhood...

Gender Roles Essay

â€Å"We’ve begun to raise daughters more like sons†¦but few have the courage to raise our sons more like our daughters,† (Gloria Steinem, American feminist). Gender roles refer to the set of social and behavioral norms that are considered to be socially appropriate for individuals of a specific sex in the context of a specific culture (Wikipedia). Gender roles are expectations of how an individual should act, dress, talk, walk, etc. based on their sex, which is biological. Gender roles shape the pressures and expectations society places on male and female individuals. For instance in the old American culture men had to be the main source of income in the family, while women were expected to stay home take care of the children and do the domestic housework. In the short story â€Å"Girl† Jamacia Kincaid illustrates the feminine roles her mother taught her growing up and the expectations she needs to meet as a women, a wife, and a mother. In contrast with Kin caid, Michael Kimmel’s essay â€Å"Bros before Hos: The Guy Code† explores the code of masculinity that young men are expected to follow. Traditional gender roles influence many individuals in a positive or negative aspect as they grow and either resist or give in to the expectations within society. Growing up as little girl, my mother would always teach me the social expectations of the feminine roles associated with our tradition. I would always be playing with dolls, dressing in skirts, putting bows in my hair, pretending to be a princess and acting like Dorothy from the Wizard of Oz always clicking my sparkly red shoes. However, the pressures and expectations of the gender roles associated to your sex are more profound as you grow into an adult. As I grew into a young woman the expectations I had and still to this day have to meet are much more demanding and expected. Kincaid states, â€Å"This is how you set a table for dinner; this is how you set a table for dinner with an important guest; this is how you set a table for lunch; this is how to behave in the presence of men who don’t know you very well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (385). Kincaid explains some of the feminine demands and expectations  her mother would teach her growing up. Similar to Kincaid experience, my mother would also establish the feminine roles and demands that I needed to accept and fulfill from the expectations that have been set forth from generations of women. However, the expectations I needed to meet to fulfill the duties as a wife and mother conflicted with my expectations of not wanting to be a wife or mother at all, but to establish and purse a stable career for myself. The view of femininity in the culture I was raised with compared to old American culture of the 50’s and 60’s. Women were seen as objects, accessories. Femininity was viewed as being fragile and weak, as well as having a â€Å"natural† mother like instinct. Women in my culture are defined as being dependent on a man, stay home do the groceries shopping, clean the kitchen, prepare breakfast, lunch, and dinner, iron their husbands shirt and pants, â€Å"wash every day, even if it’s with their own spit† (Kincaid 385), keep the household in order, and be the perfect wife, mother, and women or at least pretend to be. However, these traditional views of what feminine roles are defined as conflict with the mainstream American culture of today’s feminine expectations. Women in today’s culture are defined as either the main source of income or contribute the equal amount of income with their spouse. Women are seen as independent and many women have established stable careers. In â€Å"Bros before Hos† Kimmel asked a female college student what it means to be a women she stated, â€Å"’Nobody can tell me what it means to be a women anymore’† (462). In modern American society being a woman has no concrete formulated expectation or role that she is expected to fulfill. Although in today’s modern American society views women differently as they once did, my culture still views women in a more traditional aspect. These conflicts or being independent or dependent, pursuing a career or being a domestic house wife and mother affect both expectations I have to meet with my family culture and the culture I was born into. Being one of the youngest girl in my family I would observe my cousins and see them being pressure of the roles and expectations that where concretely defined in my cultures view of femininity. Their decisions of following the domestic housewife role  affected me to resist these pressures, while they did not and gave me the courage to fulfill my and modern American society’s expectations of what being a woman is and not just stay at home and spend all my husbands’ money because I have nothing better to do. Gender roles have always been a social issue that shape the way we think of others. These roles perceive women as fragile and weak, while men are seen as aggressive and show little to no emotion. Gender roles can vary from one culture to another and have different expectations associated with masculine and feminine roles individuals have to obtain. Gender expectation such as women have to stay home and do the domestic housework, while men are the source of the primary income can either conflict or reinstate the expectations of you. These roles can affect an individual either in a positive or negative ways, whether or not they want to override the social norm of what society says is acceptable or give into the pressure of the roles society established for each gender. The gender roles one’s culture establishes or society establishes becomes more overwhelming as we grow older, enforcing these expectations further. Also, your culture’s view of masculinity or femininity may conflict with mainstream American culture and a rise conflicts for an individual. It’s up to them whether they want to endure the pressures or resist the pressures of traditional gender roles or modern American gender roles. Word Count: 1,025 Reference Page Kincaid, Jamaica. Girl. Boston, Mass.: Bedford/St. Martin’s, (2013): 384-386. Print Kimmel, Michael. Bros before Hoes: The Guy Code. Boston, Mass.: Bedford/St. Martin’s, (2013): 461-471. Print.

Burnout Paper

Having a good job and supporting your family is one if the best things in life. Nowadays jobs are so demanding and they require a lot of time apart from your loves ones. Many of us love the fact that we can provide for our families, but there are times when the job life can become overwhelming and stressful causing the individual to burnout. The following paper will address issues and preventions methods of â€Å"burnout† and what precautions one should take. Also I will discuss the identifiable phrases that can be adapted in order to deal with burnout. Burnout has the same characteristics as depression and it can be easily misinterpreted. Burnout is actually exhaustion of work related stresses caused over time that can affect the personal goals related to their job. Although we may not necessary notice it right away it can creep up on you and you may not know. Other factors can contribute to burnout can come from the outside such as personal life, other responsibilities at home with families and even stressful events. Many of us experience bad days at work, feeling unappreciated, disconnected ourselves from co-workers and family members, and even lost focus on our goals. These are factors to burnout that should be addressed immediately. Individual factors that can cause burnout are fairly significant and naked to the eye. Burnout is not always displayed right away and it could take some time to be noticed by you or someone else. A person’s life style plays a role because the person may have little balance and lots of work. A person who works all week pulling in more work hours may not have down time for themselves. Individuals should continue with their regular hobbies and devote some time to exercising and their personal life. Burnout can affect everyone on the job, even cultural workers. It can be very hard for someone of culture because we may expect too much from them, or even it may difficult for them to keep up with work. Cultural workers may be absent more often at work to avoid stress issues from other co-workers that can factor burnout. Sometimes burnout has an organizational cause. In today’s organizations, everyone is doing more work in less time, and then the pressure starts to build up. Low value work, flawed work processes, or excessive performance expectations also contribute to negative stress, which, if unresolved, can lead to burnout. Some of the common organizational causes of burnout includes the fast pace of work in general (if your work has a global component), increased demand for information and communication, driven by technologies such as e-mail, instant messaging, and PDAs an downsizing, restructuring, or change in priorities that calls for extra demands on the employees. A work environment that changes frequently also can causes the supervisors to burn out, factors such as frequent changes in policies and procedures , changes in the organizations vision, and changes in staff are all contributions to burnout. Communication can help the individuals to cope with burnout as it is linked to social support. Social support is better because it gives you less burnout and it tends to make individual feels that they are loved and cared for. There are six categories of social support (technical support, emotional support, emotional challenge, listening, technical challenge and sharing social reality) in which they all help to identify some sort of communication and mutual obligation (Cruikshank, 2011). Burnout can come from many different factors and in order to prevent it, you must look at all the concerns associated around it. A way that individuals can cope with burnout is to ask for help and support from your supervisor. Communicating your issues and problems will make your job less stressful, which can prevent burnout. Another way is re-vamp the work flow or processes the department uses. For example, if you have more work and less people, you may have to change how the work is distributed. Maybe temporary help can be an option to handle the workload. Setting boundaries is always helpful. When approached by a difficult task or situation, don’t give in to it, review the importance of the situation then take time to make the necessary decisions. This can prevent mistakes in the long run that can potentially lead to burnout. If you are a person that fairly gets along with everyone as I am, I would prefer management-training programs that may help with specific needs. If the concerns are more related to behavior problems, then this could cause changes or pressures in the organization. Some ways that can reduce stress is to seek programs that focus on building personal effectiveness, such as time management, delegation, dealing with difficult employees, or adjusting to corporate change. Another way to reduce the effects of burnout is to seek employee assistance. Many organizations have employee assistance programs (EAP) that can provide stress-management resources (Scott, 2001). As a human service manager you must be able to handle difficult situations at any given time. To assist staff with staff burnout many tools can be put into place to help overcome this barrier. One is prevention. Help staff to prevent burnout by distributing the work evenly, in case of an absence, use a back-up worker instead of waiting on that person’s return. Another prevention method is to provide classes and educational materials on a quarterly basis. In conclusion, it is much easier on the staff and supervisors when you have support in the organization. Taking advantage of all related work programs and classes will become handy in the long run. The focus is to balance your needs against those in the organization and make the necessary changes when those issues of burnout arise. The more you manage stress in your daily life, including work and personal, the less chance you will have to burnout. The more positive you are with your goals in life, you can become more productive and motivated by what you do, not only in the workplace but in your personal life as well.

X ESSAY

In the early sixties two black American leader stood out from all the rest; Martin Luther King Junior and Malcolm X. Both were great leaders and heroes of the civil rights movement. Even though they were different in addressing their messages about black respect and pride, they both had the same goal in mind. That goal was to achieve equality between all races. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had both similarities and differences in their philosophies, attitudes and actions, but Martin Luther King was better for the Civil Rights movement. To start off, both men ultimately became the ultimate icons of contemporary African-American culture and had a great influence on black Americans. However, King had a more positive attitude than Malcolm X, believing that through peaceful demonstrations and arguments, blacks will be able to someday achieve full equality with whites. As quoted from King’s letter, â€Å"You are quite right in calling, for negotiation, indeed, this is the very purpose to direct action.† Malcolm X's despair about life was reflected in his angry, pessimistic belief that equality is impossible because whites have no moral conscience. Through out X’s letter he speaks in a very negative, angry tone of voice. â€Å"We’re anti- exploitation, we’re anti-degradation, we’re anti-oppression.† That contrasts with King’s philosophy; Martin felt that blacks and whites should be united and live together in peace. Malcolm X, however, promoted nationalist and sepa ratist doctrines. For most of his life, he believed that only through revolution and force could blacks attain their rightful place in society. In addition, both X and King spread their message through powerful, hard-hitting speeches. Nevertheless, their intentions were delivered in different styles and purposes. King was basically a peaceful leader who urged non-violence to his followers. â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.† He gave speeches... X ESSAY Free Essays on King/ X ESSAY In the early sixties two black American leader stood out from all the rest; Martin Luther King Junior and Malcolm X. Both were great leaders and heroes of the civil rights movement. Even though they were different in addressing their messages about black respect and pride, they both had the same goal in mind. That goal was to achieve equality between all races. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had both similarities and differences in their philosophies, attitudes and actions, but Martin Luther King was better for the Civil Rights movement. To start off, both men ultimately became the ultimate icons of contemporary African-American culture and had a great influence on black Americans. However, King had a more positive attitude than Malcolm X, believing that through peaceful demonstrations and arguments, blacks will be able to someday achieve full equality with whites. As quoted from King’s letter, â€Å"You are quite right in calling, for negotiation, indeed, this is the very purpose to direct action.† Malcolm X's despair about life was reflected in his angry, pessimistic belief that equality is impossible because whites have no moral conscience. Through out X’s letter he speaks in a very negative, angry tone of voice. â€Å"We’re anti- exploitation, we’re anti-degradation, we’re anti-oppression.† That contrasts with King’s philosophy; Martin felt that blacks and whites should be united and live together in peace. Malcolm X, however, promoted nationalist and sepa ratist doctrines. For most of his life, he believed that only through revolution and force could blacks attain their rightful place in society. In addition, both X and King spread their message through powerful, hard-hitting speeches. Nevertheless, their intentions were delivered in different styles and purposes. King was basically a peaceful leader who urged non-violence to his followers. â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.† He gave speeches...

Civil War Battle of Stones River

Civil War Battle of Stones River The Battle of Stones River was fought December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). On the Union side,  Major General William S. Rosecrans  led 43,400 men while Confederate  General Braxton Bragg  led 37,712 men. Background In the wake of the Battle of Perryville on October 8, 1862, Confederate forces under General Braxton Bragg began retreating south from Kentucky. Reinforced by troops under Major General Edmund Kirby Smith, Bragg ultimately halted at Murfreesboro, TN. Renaming his command the Army of Tennessee, he began a massive overhaul of its leadership structure. When complete, the army was divided into two corps under Lieutenant Generals William Hardee and Leonidas Polk. The armys cavalry was led by the young Brigadier General Joseph Wheeler. Though a strategic victory for the Union, Perryville resulted in changes on the Union side as well. Displeased with the slowness of Major General Don Carlos Buell actions following the battle, President Abraham Lincoln relieved him in favor of Major General William S. Rosecrans on October 24. Though warned that inaction would lead to his removal, Rosecrans delayed in Nashville as he organized the Army of the Cumberland and re-trained his cavalry forces. Under pressure from Washington, he finally moved out on December 26. Planning for Battle Moving southeast, Rosecrans advanced in three columns led by Major Generals Thomas Crittenden, George H. Thomas, and Alexander McCook. Rosecrans line of advance was intended as a turning movement against Hardee whose corps was at Triune. Recognizing the danger, Bragg ordered Hardee to rejoin him at Murfreesboro. Approaching the town along the Nashville Turnpike and Nashville Chattanooga Railroad, Union forces arrived on the evening of December 29. The next day, Rosecrans men moved into line two miles northwest of Murfreesboro (Map). Much to Braggs surprise, Union forces did not attack on December 30. For December 31, both commanders developed similar plans calling for a strike against the others right flank. While Rosecrans intended to attack after breakfast, Bragg ordered his men to prepare to advance at dawn. For the assault, he shifted the bulk of Hardees corps to the west side of Stones River where it joined with Polks men. One of Hardees divisions, led by Major General John C. Breckinridge, remained on east side to the north of Murfreesboro. The Union plan called for Crittendens men to cross the river and attack the heights held by Breckinridges men. The Armies Clash While Crittenden was in the north, Thomas men held the Union center and McCooks formed the right flank. As his flank was not anchored on any substantial obstacle, McCook took measures, such as burning additional campfires, to deceive the Confederates as to the size of his command. Despite these measures, McCooks men bore the brunt of the first Confederate assault. Beginning around 6:00 AM on December 31, Hardees men moved forward. Catching the enemy by surprise, they overwhelmed Brigadier General Richard W. Johnsons division before Union resistance began to mount. To Johnsons left, Brigadier General Jefferson C. Davis division held briefly before beginning a fighting retreat to the north. Realizing that McCooks men were not capable of halting the Confederate advance, Rosecrans canceled Crittendens attack at 7:00 AM and began flying around the battlefield directing reinforcements south. Hardees assault was followed by a second Confederate attack led by Polk. Moving forward, Polks men met significantly stiffer resistance from Union forces. Having anticipated an early-morning attack Brigadier General Philip H. Sheridan had taken the necessary precautions. Sheridan Hazen Hold Mounting a vigorous defense, Sheridans men turned back numerous charges by the divisions of Major Generals Jones M. Withers and Patrick Cleburne while holding a small cedar forest that became known as the Slaughter Pen. By 10:00 AM, as Sheridans men battled, the bulk of McCooks command had formed a new line near the Nashville Turnpike. In the retreat, 3,000 men and 28 guns had been captured. Around 11:00 AM, Sheridans men began to run out of ammunition and were compelled to fall back. As Hardee moved to exploit the gap, Union troops worked to plug the line. A bit to the north, Confederate attacks against the brigade of Colonel William B. Hazen were repeatedly turned back. The only part of the original Union line to hold, the rocky, wooded area held by Hazens men became known as Hells Half-Acre. As fighting quieted, the new Union line was essentially perpendicular to its original position. Seeking to complete his victory, Bragg ordered part of Breckinridges division, along with units from Polks corps, to renew the attack on Hazen around 4:00 PM. These assaults were repulsed with heavy losses. Final Actions That night, Rosecrans called a council of war to determine a course of action. Deciding to stay and continue the fight, Rosecrans revived his original plan and ordered Brigadier General Horatio Van Cleves division (led by Colonel Samuel Beatty) to cross the river. While both sides remained in place on New Years Day, Rosecrans rear and supply lines were continuously harassed by Wheelers cavalry. Reports from Wheeler suggested that Union forces were preparing to retreat. Content to let them go, Bragg limited his actions on January 2 to ordering Breckinridge to clear Union forces from the high ground north of town. Though reluctant to attack such a strong position, Breckinridge ordered his men forward around 4:00 PM. Striking Crittenden and Beattys position, they succeeded in pushing some of the Union troops back across McFaddens Ford. In doing so, they ran into 45 guns arrayed by Captain John Mendenhall to cover the river. Taking severe losses, Breckinridges advance was checked and a swift Union counterattack by Brigadier General James Negleys division drove them back. Aftermath of the Battle of Stones River The following morning, Rosecrans was re-supplied and reinforced. Convinced that Rosecrans position would only get stronger and fearful that winter rains would raise the river and split his army, Bragg began retreating around 10:00 PM on January 3. His withdraw eventually halted at Tullahoma, TN. Bloodied, Rosecrans stayed at Murfreesboro and did not attempt a pursuit. Deemed a Union victory, the fighting raised Northern spirits following the recent disaster at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Transforming Murfreesboro into a supply base, Rosecrans remained until embarking on the Tullahoma Campaign the following June. The fighting at Stones River cost Rosecrans 1,730 killed, 7,802 wounded, and 3,717 captured/missing. Confederate losses were slightly less, numbering 1,294 killed, 7,945 wounded, and 1,027 captured/missing. Extremely bloody relative to the numbers engaged (43,400 vs. 37,712), Stones River saw the highest percentage of casualties of any major battle during the war. Following the battle, Bragg was severely criticized by other Confederate leaders. He only retained his post due to President Jefferson Davis inability to find a suitable replacement.

Ethical dilema paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical dilema paper - Essay Example On the other hand, leaving your girlfriend does not seem right because you love her and there is the possibility that this is just a passing romantic fancy. Do you leave your girlfriend and take a shot at creating a romantic relationship with your female friend or do you stay with your girlfriend and try to resolve matters. This ethical dilemma presents one choice which emphasizes the pursuit of passion and another choice which revolves around commitment to your romantic relationship. If you decide to follow your passion, there is the possibility that your feelings may not be long lasting. But even if your female friend is not interested in establishing a relationship, you are taking the slow path towards accepting that your ultimate happiness lies somewhere outside of your relationship. Ultimately, however, you are attempting to please yourself. On the other hand, you have no moral obligation to stay with your girlfriend, but believe that, in deciding to stay with your girlfriend and see if your romantic interest in your female friend is a passing emotion, you are behaving correctly in your love for your girlfriend. This is a much less self-conscious response and means that you will have to settle for one situation knowing that you might be more happy elsewhere. The decision to le The decision to leave your girlfriend values impulse over understanding. If you love your girlfriend, it is likely that you two have a deep understanding of one another, which you do not yet have with your female friend. Additionally, there is the possibility that you may not feel attracted to your female friend once you become better acquainted with her. This choice, however, stresses the idea that the pursuit of shallow passions over morally deeper satisfaction. Not to mention that if you leave if your girlfriend there is the possibility that your relationship with your friend will not work out, which will in turn leave you without either romantic relationship. The decision to stay with your girlfriend values the importance of romantic relationships. If you really do love your girlfriend, it is morally beneficial that you two should stay together. You might be sacrificing your happiness in the short term, but there is the possibility that the relationship will make you happy over the long term. On the other hand, there is the possibility that the situation may never correct itself and that your romantic interest in your female friend is posing as a possible escape to a temporary problem.If you love your girlfriend is imperative that you treat her with care and consideration and have a better reason for leaving her than your romantic attraction to someone else. After all, romantic attraction to additional persons can occur even among couples in love. It is also essential that you do not disregard your own happiness and notion what will make you happy. After all, if you stay in a relationship where you are unhappy, it is possible that you mi ght remain unhappy forever. Thus, I believe that the best decision is to integrate the pursuit of your own happiness with respect for your girlfriend.Before any rash decisions are made, you should try to determine what it is in your current relationship that prevents you from being happy. Once

Patient undergoing surgery Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Patient undergoing surgery - Dissertation Example ies from Turkey (Sahin, et.al., 2010, Egri, et.al., 2008), four from the UK (Ashraff, et.al., 2006; Kay and Siriwardena; Yeoman, et.al., 2006; Akkad, et.al., 2006, Habiba, et.al., 2004, Vohra, et.al., 2003; Mauffrey, et.al., 2008), three from Saudi (Khedhiri, et.al., 2013, Abalfotouh, and Adlan, 2012; Amir, et.al., 2012; Al-Faleh, et.al., 2010), one from Israel (Brezis, et.al., 2008); one from Switzerland (Ghulam et.al., 2006); one from the Czech Republic (Kopacova and Bures, 2012) and one from Canada (Falagas, et.al., 2006). Majority of the focus of these studies relates to how informed consent is perceived by patients, whether they consider it satisfactory or not. It also relates mostly to the quality of informed consent for the patients, including the relay of sufficient information to the patients. Majority of the methods applied for this review is the quantitative study, with only one qualitative study meeting the inclusion criteria. In terms of methodological quality, the cross -sectional studies (Egri, et.al., 2008; Brezis, et.al., 2008; Amir, et.al., 2009; Abalfotouh and Adlan, 2012; Falagas, et.al., 2009; Ghulam, et.al., 2006; Khedhiri, et.al., 2013) p rovided a sufficient insight and trend for a larger population as opposed to other studies, especially qualitative studies (Habiba, et.al., 2004) which can only provide an insight for a smaller sub-set of a population. In this case, the larger group of patients going through different types of surgery are represented in these cross-sectional studies. The cross-sectional studies also allowed for the establishment of a link between informed consent and outcomes and perceptions of patient surgery (Egri, et.al., 2008; Brezis, et.al., 2008; Amir, et.al., 2009; Abalfotouh and Adlan, 2012; Falagas, et.al., 2009; Ghulam,... In terms of methodological quality, the cross-sectional studies (Egri, et.al., 2008; Brezis, et.al., 2008; Amir, et.al., 2009; Abalfotouh and Adlan, 2012; Falagas, et.al., 2009; Ghulam, et.al., 2006; Khedhiri, et.al., 2013) p rovided a sufficient insight and trend for a larger population as opposed to other studies, especially qualitative studies (Habiba, et.al., 2004) which can only provide an insight for a smaller sub-set of a population.   In this case, the larger group of patients going through different types of surgery are represented in these cross-sectional studies.   The cross-sectional studies also allowed for the establishment of a link between informed consent and outcomes and perceptions of patient surgery (Egri, et.al., 2008; Brezis, et.al., 2008; Amir, et.al., 2009; Abalfotouh and Adlan, 2012; Falagas, et.al., 2009; Ghulam, et.al., 2006; Khedhiri, et.al., 2013).   The sample of individuals from the larger population was polled and given questionnaires of intervie ws in terms of the quality of informed consent they had from their healthcare givers.   Their perception of the informed consent was also gathered through the cross-sectional studies included in this review.   Limitations in cross-sectional studies may however be observed in terms of the direction of the relationship where the quality of the informed consent may contribute to anxiety during surgery or the other way around (Abalfotouh and Adlan, 2012, Khedhiri, et.al., 2013; Ghulam, et.al., 2006).   In the prospective studies carried out (Sahin, et.al.)

Workplace Violence. Demonstrations of temper that impact work Research Paper

Workplace Violence. Demonstrations of temper that impact work performance and general well-being within the hospital workplace - Research Paper Example Other members of the surgical team, primarily the scrub tech, was observably upset by the actions and lack of restraint shown by Dr. X in regard to his emotional state. Upon approaching the Director in regard to this behavior, it was revealed that this form of violence was common for Dr. X and the hospital has been allowing the behavior to continue without intervention. The Director made the comment â€Å"Oh, that is common behavior for Dr. X. We just ignore it and Dr. X will forget all about it by tomorrow†, which indicates that the issue is centered on how Dr. X feels about the event rather than on how the rest of the staff is affected by his actions. Purpose The purpose of this report is to explore the ways in which this type of incident can be avoided in the future, both in direct relation to Dr. X and in relation to the behaviors and reactions of the entire staff. Guidelines about what is and what is not permitted where behavior and emotions are concerned will help to out line how this type of incident can be avoided in the future.... The staff is affected by the impact of that unpredictability and has no stable ground on which to determine the appropriate procedures from which to continue working. As well, the intended target of the anger is left emotionally affected, thus their work can be undermined. The care of the patient is then compromised due to the shift in focus from the medical situation to self-protection in an environment that has become hostile. This puts the patient in harms way as their care is compromised and the outcome of their care is put into jeopardy. Additionally, the event of a medical instrument being thrown across a room has the potential of creating damage or injury, thus creating the potential for legal liability. The potential costs of a hostile work environment are relevant on many levels. The first potential cost can be financially crippling as litigation from an employee who has experienced an inappropriate event or series of events can sue the hospital for having had no prevention, response, or intercession between the employee and the doctor who has behaved in this manner. A hostile workplace can be defined as â€Å"Conduct that has the effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment† (Colaprete, 2007, p. 182). From the result of Harris v. Forklift Systems Inc, the decision that was made by the Supreme Court extended responsibility for actions that do not necessarily create psychological injury, but also to those events that are â€Å"severe or pervasive (enough) to alter the conditions of the victims employment and create an abusive work environment† (Colaprete, 2007, p. 182). It would be reasonable to assess the event in question as having the potential for

Discussing Database Management Systems E Business Information Technology Essay

Discussing Database Management Systems E Business Information Technology Essay Software systems or computer software which is used to create, modify, maintain, provide controlled access to user database. According to Mullins, 2002 It enables end users 7 application programmes to share data, it enables data to be shared among multiple applications rather than propagated stored in new files for every new applications. For e.g. Online banking systems uses database management systems, Big hospitals uses database management systems to keep the track record of their patients details, their history etc. Database management systems based on the variety of models of distribution architectures such as the widely used Client/Server architecture and centralized architecture among others as also the database models such as Relational Model and the XML Model etc. First DBMS systems were used for primary for large complex ventures such as Apollo moon landing projects. Such operations were too expensive to contemplate anyway, as in that era most data was stored on magnetic tape 1970s Relational DBMS During this decade DBMS became a commercial reality. The hierarchical network database systems were developed they are generally regarded as first generation DBMS. They are still widely used. But have limitation, like difficulty in accessing to data, very limited data independence, not widely accepted. 1980s E.F.Codd others developed the relational data model during the 1970. This was second generation DBMS. With relational model all data were represented in form of tables. This has widespread commercial acceptance diffused throughout the business world in 1980s. SQL is the fourth generation language which is used for data retrieval. 1990s Object oriented database. This decade was the new era of computing, first with client/server, data warehousing internet application which became increasingly important. Largely structured, multimedia data became increasingly common during the 1990s. Both relational object oriented database are still of great importance. 2000 Beyond. The ability to manage increasingly complex data. Multidimensional data considerably importance in data warehouse application. Development of universal servers based on object relational DBMS. Especially important to internet application. Fully distributed database became a reality, centralization of database will continue. The lower cost of high performance computing also encourages centralization. Content-addressable storage will become more popular. User can retrieve data by specifying the data they desire. For e.g. a user can query any detail in Google site can have the computer search for the closest match to that photo. Working on developing data mining algorithms that scale to handle very large data sets which help to analyze data efficiently. Improving abilities to discern patterns, trends, correlation about customers, employees, products suppliers will influence strategic decision making by organisation. The proliferation of the PDAS will lead to improved synchronization of small databases improvement of wireless transmission. The use of web services will become more widespread as reliable XML web services more available. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_management_system#Overview Function of Database management systems. There are several functions that a DBMS performs to ensure data integrity and consistency of data in the database. Data dictionary management: Data Dictionary is where the DBMS stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships (metadata). The DBMS uses this function to look up the required data component structures and relationships Data storage management: This particular function is used for the storage of data and any related data entry forms or screen definitions, report definitions, data validation rules, procedural code, and structures that can handle video and picture formats Security management: This is one of the most important functions in the DBMS. Security management sets rules that determine specific users that are allowed to access the database Multiuser access control, Multiuser access control is a very useful tool in a DBMS, it enables multiple users to access the database simultaneously without affecting the integrity of the database. Backup and recovery management: Backup and recovery is brought to mind whenever there is potential outside threats to a database. Backup management refers to the data safety and integrity; for example backing up all your mp3 files on a disk. Data integrity management, The DBMS enforces these rules to reduce things such as data redundancy, which is when data is stored in more than one place unnecessarily, and maximizing data consistency, making sure database is returning correct/same answer each time for same question asked. Database access languages application programming interfaces: A query language is a nonprocedural language. An example of this is SQL (structured query language). SQL is the most common query language supported by the majority of DBMS vendors. The use of this language makes it easy for user to specify what they want done without the headache of explaining how to specifically do it Database communication interfaces: This refers to how a DBMS can accept different end user requests through different network environments. An example of this Can be easily related to the internet. A DBMS can provide access to the database using the Internet through Web Browsers (Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Netscape). http://databasemanagement.wikia.com/wiki/DBMS_Functions Types of Database Management Systems: Database management has become important part of every company that has got data to be managed handled. There are two types of database. Server database. Desktop database. Advantages of Database management systems: Controls Data redundancy Consistency Improved data integrity Easy to access data and maintain it Provides backup recover services Increase in productivity concurrency Disadvantages of database management systems: Maintain data are Complex Maintaining the database systems are very costly, for e.g. the server database is mainly connected with multiuser application have greater reliability data consistency. It is costlier than desk top database operates on high performance servers. There is high risk of failure. CHAPTER-2 E-Business: According to IBM (www.ibm.com/e-business) e-business (ebizNis) the transformation of key business processes through the use of Internet technologies. The key business processes referred to in the IBM definitions are the organizational processes. They include research and development, marketing, manufacturing and inbound and outbound logistics. Louis Gerstner, the former CEO of IBM, in his book, Who Says Elephants Cant Dance? Attributes the term e-Business to IBMs marketing and Internet teams in 1996. Stiller A (2003) related that Sussis (2000) an e-commerce consultant, stated that as businesses move into significant e-businesses, good planning strategies, design and implementation becomes more and more essential. E-business (electronic business), derived from such terms as e-mail and e-commerce, is the conduct of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business partners. Today, major corporations are rethinking their businesses in terms of the Internet and its new culture and capabilities. Companies are using the Web to buy parts and supplies from other companies, to collaborate on sales promotions, and to do joint research. E-business can be conducted using the Web, the Internet, intranets, extranets, or some combination of these. E-Business will impact business process, technology and organizational structure E-Business opportunities exist in: Sales Marketing Product Development Supply Chain Management Procurement Support Processes People Enablement For example Amazon (www.amazon.com) and eBay (www.ebay.com) are the worlds two biggest e-businesses. Types of e-business or e-commerce: B2B (business to business) business communications with other businesses like the direct placement of purchase orders. B2C (business to consumer) business communications with consumers through sales completed from a business website (e-commerce) or a regular newsletter. B2G (business to government) business communications with government like online taxation lodgements. P2P technology enables internet users to share files computer resources. Music file sharing services such as Gnutella are the prime examples of this type of e-commerce. M-commerce involves the use of wireless digital devices to enable the transaction on the web. http://www.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/run/it/pages/ebiz.aspx Benefits/Advantages of E-Business: Business whether small or big are using the internet in their own ways. To work with partners and suppliers, for procurement, for internal activities such as knowledge sharing and new product development, and much more. Companies such as United Technologies, J. Sainsbury, General Electric and many others are reporting benefits from the use of the Internet. These benefits include: improved speed of response; cost savings; improved communications, information and knowledge sharing; reductions in inventory; improved efficiency and productivity; harmonisation and standardisation of procedures; better transfer of best practices; acquisition of new customers and increased sales; improved customer service Removes Location and Availability Restrictions Reduces Time and Money Spent http://www.ecommerceeducation.com/benefits-of-ecommerce.asp http://www.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/run/it/pages/benefits.aspx Barriers to E-business: Security encryption; Trust risk; Lack of qualified personal; Lack of business models; Culture; Legal Issues; Fraud risk of loss; Internet/web is too slow not dependable. Constantly change in technology, which is always costly. {Source by: Veljko MilutinoviĆ¡, Frà ©dà ©ric Patricelli (2002) E-business and e-challenges; IOS PRESS; page 10} CHAPTER-3 ROLE OF DBMs IN e-BUSINESS: Every big or small organization is now trying their hands on DBMs to remain competitive in their respective fields. Every organisation which is big or at its starting stage wants to have their own DBMs as they dont want themselves to be left behind. To function in an e-business environment, an organization has to have a good command of knowledge on its markets, customers, products and services, methods and processes, competitors, employee skills and its regulatory environment. The term E-business is used in two main ways within organizations. The first is as a concept which can be applied to strategy and operations. Secondly E-business is used as an adjective to describe businesses that mainly operate online, i.e. they have no physical presence on the high-streets and seek to minimize customer-service and support through enabling web self-service. Educational institution, public government organisation, private enterprises which require large databases to store informations are using DBMs in their business. Every day some or the other organisation is building database application or re-constructing the older version, for making these application there are two ways; Microsoft products such as .net platform or Visual BASIC with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver connected to SQL Server the other is JSP/Java Server with a JDBC driver in DBMSs such as Oracle or IBM DB2 on the Unix, Linux and Windows platforms. Sabre airline reservation system was introduced in 1964 which was the first large scale DMBs for airline industry. Both airline travelling agents depends on sabre other reservation systems like Apollo. These database contain information about flight seats of most commercial airlines, permitting co-ordination of reservation. Now days every airline company has their own database where they do lot of work. Database helps their customers to book their itineraries fares. It has became lot easy for the customers to sit in the comfort of home enjoy the services. These databases help the airline industry to grow doubling their profits. DBMS is important to the operations of e-Business because it provides the organisation with the tools to make relevant and concrete decisions concerning the business. With a touch of button, hundreds of data stored in its database about a transaction, product or customer can be extracted, viewed, or amended The DBMS enables the e-Business to reduce waste in that majority of the traditional approach of doing business in the file-based era has been reduced. For e.g. in customer service industry the DBMs helps them to maintain the records information about the customers. For instance all banks have online telephone banking services provided for their customers as they keep track every record every minute details of the customers. Database management systems are widely used by the information technology in computer manufacturing business, the DBMs help them in understanding their customers need like in some website of a computer manufacturing companies we can virtually customize or make changes in laptops we can purchase make payments online get our laptops within couple of days. Conclusion In todays world e-business is extremely important for many reasons. Some of which is due to the fact it can speed the whole process of ordering etc. up. This then means that the lead time can be decreased because the ordering of products can be done much more quickly, particularly because the Internet is a fast running wide area network. The Internet has completely reshaped customer relationships. The transformation began with the dot-com boom, which spawned a new type of company whose entire business model was predicated on Web acceptance and usage. These companies Yahoo (Nasdaq: YHOO), Amazon (Nasdaq: AMZN), eBay (Nasdaq: EBAY) and Google (Nasdaq: GOOG) took advantage of the Web in all aspects of their business. Soon, traditional brick-and-mortar enterprises realized that to survive, they too had to satisfy customer expectations to procure goods and services over the Internet. e-business has been benefited by DBMs a lot. But a lot work has to be done in developing more database application which are more user friendly, analytical practical. Lot of work has to be done in security issues of this e-business organisation as they have lot of personal information regarding their customers, to eliminate the fraud which is easily done by the hackers as they have access to these databases or can break the access codes use the valuable information. Up gradation of the databases websites should be always done so that these e-businesses would attract lot of customers. E-business is the future of all the organisation, as the world is get closer so does the business, to stay in the competition companies must adapt to new technologies.