Karl Marxs Life and Work Essay -- Karl Marx Biography Biographies Ess

Karl Marx's Life and Work As a German philosopher, a politician, and an important figure within the Communist League, Karl Heinrich Marx birthed a new way of looking at things through his beliefs, ideas, and writings. Karl Marx was considered to be â€Å"†¦certainly one of the most important minds of modern times†(1). He wanted to know more about philosophy, so that he might understand the political and social system better. http://csf.colorado.edu/mirrors/marxists.org/archive/marx/photo/index.htm On May 5th, 1818, in Trier, Karl Marx was born of Heinrich and Henrietta Marx in the German Rhineland. Studies say that Karl’s family was of a large size, consisting of about four children: Karl, Sophie, Emilie, and Luise. His mother, whom belonged to a family of Hungarian Jews, died in 1863,yet was always considered to be a lovely wife and mother. The Jewish blood that ran through the family ultimately impacted Karl’s fate. When Karl was six years old, he adopted Christianity because at the time it was considered as an act of civilized progress. His father, a highly educated lawyer whom admired eighteenth century literature (of the French Enlightenment), was a â€Å"Prussian patriot† and a Jewish believer. Karl and his father held a personal relationship, to which they enjoyed a close friendship. His father did indeed influence him greatly, but Karl â€Å"did not believe in the power of rational argument to influence action,† (2) as did his father . In high school, Marx was a good student, whom often expressed interest in the peasant community. He also evolved into a reader of new romantic literature. In 1835, he was a student at the University of Bonn and had ... ...death influence the lives of many. Notes: 1. Robert C. Tucker, Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2001), 233. 2. Isaiah Berlin, Karl Marx: His Life and Environment, 4th ed. (Oxford [Eng.]; New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), 22. 3. Franz Mehring, â€Å"Karl Marx: The Story of His Life†, Chapter One: Early Years, October 2000 http://www.marxists.org/archieve/mehring/works/marx/ch01.htm (10-29-01) 4. Mehring, 3 5. Mehring, 6 6. David Riazanov, â€Å"Karl Marx and Frederick Engels†, An Introduction to Their Lives and Work, 1927, . 7. Riazanov, ch 2 8. Riazanov,ch 4 9. David Mclellan, Karl Marx: His Life and Thought (New York, Evanston, San Francisco, London, 1973), 451.

Harcourt Brace & Company Essay

The essence of the female self in Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse is one that encapsulates unity above a disparaging patriarchy. The second part of the book Time Passes emphasizes this point with the symbolism prevalent in the war. That is to say, that while men seek out self-pity as Mr. Ramsey does, as men seek to conquer and control through force or coercion as Mr. Ramsey does by trying to get his wife to tell him she loves him, women are the counterpart to this chaos. Virginia Woolf presents women in her novel as quite capable of being power figures while retaining a distinct feminine side. The following essay will present the argument that To the Lighthouse is a novel primarily observant of the differences of the traditional versus the modern female role. Both of these roles are presented accurately in Mrs. Ramsey’s personality. It is her dichotomy of the role of female that this paper will argue is the balance between modern and traditional woman. In Mrs. Ramsey’s character is found the conglomeration of both modern and traditional roles for women. She at once prioritizes herself to fit the needs and fulfill the needs of the men around her. For example, she offers her husband loving support whenever he reveals himself to be self-pitying. She does not chastise him but encourages hope in all of her relations with her husband. This means that even though as a modern woman she cannot bring herself to say the words I love you, she does in fact love him, and she shows it through analogy by agreeing with his mandates. One such mandate is that the trip to the lighthouse that their son James wants so fervently to go on cannot be accomplished because the weather the next day will be too rough of a voyage. Although Mrs. Ramsay does not tell her husband she loves him, her acquiesce to his command says as much. She is willing to allow her husband to know her feelings only through metaphor and symbols, not through actual words. This is very much a modern woman because a traditional woman would not have enough personality to oppose the wants of her husband by still giving him what he wants in a fashion. In addition, Mrs. Ramsay acquiesces with most of the men who are guests at the house. This shows the more traditional side of her as a woman. Her attention is more centered on the male guests needs than it is for the women who are also staying at the house. This focused attention proves that Mrs. Ramsey is being presented by Woolf in a more structured outline of the traditional woman. Mrs. Ramsey caters to the men’s needs in whatever capacity possible. However, she only caters to them because she believes they are not strong enough to support themselves or do too much of anything independently. She lavishes the men in the house will support in their direction and opinions because she believes they need constant attention because a they have fragile self-esteem. This self-esteem is emphasized with the portrayal Woolf delivers of Mr. Ramsey. Although Mrs. Ramsey supports and loves her husband, she too finds it difficult to constantly give him affirmation. Another capacity by which Mrs. Ramsey plays the traditional female role is through her motherhood. It is James that most of her attention is devoted. Even though James holds great resentment towards his father for denying him his wish to visit the lighthouse, Mrs. Ramsey persists in giving James hope that it may be possible. She does this not to promise something false but to keep alive in her son the sense of wonderment in life. This does not fit the description of a modern woman. The idea of tradition being enveloped inside of motherhood is one that Woolf delivers with exact replication with Mrs. Ramsey. With Augustus Carmichael, she behaves in the same fashion as she does with her son James and her husband. Mrs. Ramsey is not very fond of Augustus but when she makes a trip into town, she asks him if there is anything, he is in need of. She does this simple act of kindness because she believes in the good in people and is not a cynic. In the dichotomy of the traditional and modern female role the catering to the needs of men, even men for which a woman cares nothing for, it is in Mrs. Ramsey’s traditional female nature, her motherhood, to give to men their desires. According to Woolf in her novel, To the Lighthouse men are more like children than like adults. It is with men that wars are started (as is evident in the second part of the book). Men are centered on their ego; therefore, their world exists around them and everything is focused on their needs. Children are the same way. Children exist in their own world, and in this world, their desires are fulfilled indefinitely and unconditionally. By this statement, it is evident that the traditional role that Mrs. Ramsey fulfills in the novel is by the above definition a role she fulfills as a mother. Therefore, contingently, Mrs. Ramsey is not only at once fulfilling a traditional role, by also a modern female role. This is accomplished by Woolf through Mrs. Ramsay by presenting to the reader Mrs. Ramsey as a mother and by extension her role as a mother as it pertains to men. Mrs. Ramsey treats men the way she treats men (as children) because she is a mother. She is not subservient to men as a traditional female role would declare but instead as a mother she transcends the traditional role into the modern female role because she believes that men need her help because they are incapable of helping themselves. Mrs. Ramsey’s traditional role in the novel morphs into a modern role as the book progresses. In this progression, the reader can witness how Mrs. Ramsey changes her roles by small revelations that the character herself gives the reader. It is not therefore necessary to say that there exists a breadth of difference for Mrs. Ramsey between being a traditional woman to being a modern woman, but it is prevalent to state that by these small revelations to the audience into the depth of Mrs. Ramsey’s character that she was always intended to be portrayed as a modern woman. The transition between traditional to modern woman can more aptly be seen in Lily Briscoe’s character. At the beginning of the book, she is a traditional woman because she lacks self-confidence. She allows the opinion of the men in the house to undermine her work as a painter and by succumbing to their ideas; she is not a dominant character and therefore a modern woman. The traditional woman is seen as submissive and without threat to men’s opinions; Lily fulfills this in the first part of Woolf’s novel. Before the end of the first part of the book however, Lily is being presented with more of a modern woman personality. This is seen in her rejection of Mrs. Ramsey’s life. Mrs. Ramsey is representational of the traditional woman because she is married and she has children. With Lily’s character, Woolf designs a less likely candidate for motherhood. Lily cannot see herself fulfilling the role of a mother and so as the novel progresses her docile nature is surpassed by her stronger self; that is the self which denies tradition, foregoes motherhood and focuses on the self and its needs. The real transition of traditional to modern female roles can best be witnessed in the portrait Lily paints of Mrs. Ramsey. At the beginning of the novel, Lily attempts to bring to life the spirit of Mrs. Ramsey in a portrait. The men of the house give their stalwart opinions about its composition, its line, color, and size. Lily, in her traditional female role, tries to listen to each man and do what they believe would make a better painting. The painting is subsequently abandoned by Lily who signifies her unloading the opinions of others to try to find out what it is she wants to do. At the end of the novel, Lily once again picks up the painting in hopes of trying to finish it. With the second attempt at the painting, Lily realizes her own artistic vision. She is no longer plagued by following anyone else’s guidelines to her own art and begins painting with only her opinions in mind. Lily is dedicated to finishing the painting and does so with only her own voice to guide her. This revelation signifies the transition for Lily in Woolf’s novel from tradition female who panders to the male audience to a Lily who bears witness to her thoughts only. This means that Lily is strong enough as a woman to deny the right of anyone telling her how to attempt her own vision and to paint according to her own unique style. The painting is representational of how Lily was once burdened by the patriarch and egotistical opinions of the men in the house and at the close of the novel she is finally able to see the fruition of not only her painting but the audience can also see how Woolf lead the audience through Lily’s struggles and finally at the end she becomes her own woman. The accomplishment of the painting also represents how Lily feels on equal grounds with Mr. Ramsey. Mr. Ramsey being a symbol of all men and their facade of superiority is it significant that Lily finally feels on equal grounds with Mr. Ramsey because this means she has found self worth. This can best be seen in the fact that Lily is painting Mrs. Ramsey’s portrait in order to prove to Charles Tansley that women can paint and write. By finishing this painting Lily if proving not only to herself but also to men that women are more than capable of great artistic accomplishments. Self-worth is a primary attribute of the modern woman in Woolf novels, and To the Lighthouse is no exception. The pairing of these two women exemplifies how traditional roles and modern roles for women were enforced through patriarchy. The purpose of the novel and the emphasis on the roles of women and the fulfilling of these roles through Woolf’s characters portrays a significant divergence from typical feminist literature. Mrs. Ramsey affirms herself through her motherhood and the way in which this affects her view of all men; that they are more like children who need a guiding hand. Mr. Ramsey fulfills this role of ego and so the novel is complete with the victory of matriarchy over patriarchy even with the involvement of motherhood which is seen more as a traditional female role. It is with Lily however that a more complete vision of the modern woman may be seen. It is also, with her finishing the painting that the unity which Mrs. Ramsey sought at the beginning of the novel is accomplished. This unity is found in Lily realizing herself to be equal to the ego of man; in particular Mr. Ramsey. It is Mr. Ramsey, who, at the end of the novel becomes less significant because of his constant need for affirmation. Due to Lily not being able to give him this only proves that she has become a modern woman because Mrs. Ramsey as a traditional woman pandered to her husband’s needs but Lily has broken the tie between Mr. Ramsey’s wants herself. In closing it must be re-emphasized that while Mrs. Ramsey does portray a more traditional women she also transcends these lines by her own view of the world and her interaction with it. She gives men what they want because she feels as though they are in need of her guidance; the motherhood role. For Lily however who denies this role, she is a modern woman because she finally unfetters herself from the overwhelming voices of egoism and maleness in the house and by doing this she is finally able to finish her painting. It is with the painting that the true role of the modern woman is best expressed by Woolf. The modern woman, or Lily in the novel is a woman who is not in need of affirmation as the men were portrayed to be (i. e. Mr. Ramsey) but she is independent and follows through with her own artistic vision and voice. Bibliography Woolf, Virginia. (1981). To the Lighthouse. Harcourt Brace & Company. New York.

Exercise Promotes Healthy Lifestyle Essay

A good diet and sufficient rest are important to sustain a healthy lifestyle but are not the only things to consider. When performed properly, exercising provides countless benefits that can further improve your quality of life. Regular exercise is an essential part of efficient weight loss and weight management. Exercising can also help thwart several diseases and improve a person’s overall well being. Whether it is a sport activity, a workout regimen, chores around the house, or yard work, all these types of physical activity are beneficial. Adapting an active lifestyle through exercising can be enjoyable and rewarding. Physical activity requires an individual to increase their level of exercising. According to Mayo Clinic staff, adults seeking a healthy lifestyle should include aerobic exercise and strength training in their fitness plans, specifically (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2013): * At least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity — or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity — a week * Strength training exercises at least twice a week Every person’s level, whether new to exercising or a seasoned trainer, will be different therefore tailoring a workout program is an open venue for each person to explore. Different stages of exercise intensity can be researched to identify which stage a person can start. For beginners who are unsure about overexerting themselves, a moderate intensity, aerobic activity such as brisk walking is generally safe for most people. Some critics mention that physical activity may lead to a number of injuries. Exercising that involves moderate to high impact puts stress on the body. Even though this helps to build bone density, an individual who already has frail bones can damage a bone under the smallest amount of stress or impact (Tesch, 2011). This may hold true, however when performed correctly as well as starting at the appropriate intensity, these injuries are greatly minimized. That’s why it’s key to start slowly and to gradually increase the progression of intensity. Undesirable circumstances, such as a heart attack, are likely not to occur during exercise sessions. Daily exercising should be implemented in the everyday routine, no matter the age or fitness level. Physical activity tones the body, increases muscle strength, maintains strong bones, and promotes healthier skin. Other benefits of exercising result in better sleep and increased relaxation, a more positive mental state, and an enhanced immune system. Numerous researches show that incorporating an active lifestyle, through the use of an established workout program, have positive outcomes for all areas of health, including mental, emotional, intellectual, and even social well-being, not just for physical health. Exercise also increases concentrations of norepinephrine, a chemical that can moderate the brain’s response to stress. Exercise releases endorphins, which create feelings of happiness and euphoria. (Breene, 2013). Physical activity has been known to enhance mental clarity and efficiency. It is also linked with better thinking, learning, and judgment. Inquiries have revealed that exercise improves symptoms amid the clinically depressed. This is why physicians suggest, individuals suffering from melancholy or apprehension, should employ exercise in their daily lives. It has been proven, in a number of cases that proper exercise is as helpful as anti-depressant medication. The enhancement of a general mood can be achieved; by just working out for thirty minutes per session, a couple times a week. If time does not permit the utilization of the gym, a workout video can be very helpful. These videos are fun, easy to follow, and they are accompanied with great music. Because of the vast amount of videos, there are options of category and stage of health. If planning to develop a workout regimen in the near future; here are some examples of the type of videos that are available. Selections such as beginning aerobics, weight lifting, running; and even exercise for parents in the company of their kids. Options to participate in physical activity are infinite. Decide on the one that is most interesting to you, regardless if it is jogging, swimming, walking, and roller skating, or jumping rope. The most important point is to be physically active. In a brief amount of time, positive results will be achieved.

Free Essays on Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood

Critical Paper David Osborne wrote â€Å"Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood†. It reflects on the hardships and difficulties of being a full-time parent and having a full-time job. The story recreates a day in the life of a household father. While the storyline follows David Osborne’s day, the message or theme in â€Å"Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood† is to outline the responsibilities of working parents in today’s society. The theme of David Osborne’s responsibilities is framed around being a household father. I feel that when Rose, who is at work all day in the hospital, is able to stay with their son; David has a harsh tone towards what she does. He is the one who actually does most of the caring for Nick. When his wife’s maternal instincts kick in, she undermines David for Rose thinks she knows what to do, but this is what he does everyday. It is kind of ironic that she is an OBG/YN, which has to deal with babies everyday, but she does not really know a thing about raising a child of her own. I find this somewhat ignorant. David knows better on how to deal with Nick. I think they should sit down and have a good talk on their feelings. David Osborne’s attitude towards being a father is that â€Å"Part of the reason I love my role as a father is that I am secure in my role as a writer. Without that, I would not feel good enough about myself to be the kind of father that I am.† Even though there are difficulties and time constraints on his schedules, he draws strengths from what he does. I find it admirable that he takes on this much responsibility, but today a lot of people do the same. I find it interesting that he says in the story that he has no real time to write because of Nick, but then how was he able to write this story down. David’s style of writing is very realistic. When you read â€Å"Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood†, the text is very easy to relate to, and I find this kind of reading very enjoyable bec... Free Essays on Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood Free Essays on Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood Critical Paper David Osborne wrote â€Å"Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood†. It reflects on the hardships and difficulties of being a full-time parent and having a full-time job. The story recreates a day in the life of a household father. While the storyline follows David Osborne’s day, the message or theme in â€Å"Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood† is to outline the responsibilities of working parents in today’s society. The theme of David Osborne’s responsibilities is framed around being a household father. I feel that when Rose, who is at work all day in the hospital, is able to stay with their son; David has a harsh tone towards what she does. He is the one who actually does most of the caring for Nick. When his wife’s maternal instincts kick in, she undermines David for Rose thinks she knows what to do, but this is what he does everyday. It is kind of ironic that she is an OBG/YN, which has to deal with babies everyday, but she does not really know a thing about raising a child of her own. I find this somewhat ignorant. David knows better on how to deal with Nick. I think they should sit down and have a good talk on their feelings. David Osborne’s attitude towards being a father is that â€Å"Part of the reason I love my role as a father is that I am secure in my role as a writer. Without that, I would not feel good enough about myself to be the kind of father that I am.† Even though there are difficulties and time constraints on his schedules, he draws strengths from what he does. I find it admirable that he takes on this much responsibility, but today a lot of people do the same. I find it interesting that he says in the story that he has no real time to write because of Nick, but then how was he able to write this story down. David’s style of writing is very realistic. When you read â€Å"Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood†, the text is very easy to relate to, and I find this kind of reading very enjoyable bec...

The Double Helix essays

The Double Helix essays Life is not easy for any of us. But what of that? We must have perseverance and above all confidence in ourselves. We must believe that we are gifted for something, and that this thing, at whatever cost, must be attained. Madam Curie There has always been a gender bias in society. In the past women were not allowed to go to school or any place that would benefit them educationally. They were the caretakers and homemakers of society and this remained so for a very long period of time. Then there was the Womens Rights movement and women began to fight for an equal right to do anything that men were allowed to do. The hardest part of this fight was actually going against the odds and doing the opposite of what men felt that they should do no matter what was said. A great example of this is the gender issues between Rosalind Franklin and the men of Cambridge during the time when the structure of DNA was still In James Watsons publication of The Double Helix Watson tells the story of the issues that were present during the race for DNA. There were a total of five main players when it came down to who was the closest to discovering the double helix. Of these five players, there was only one woman, Rosalind Franklin. Franklin was a woman playing in a mans world. She was an excellent crystallographer and was not easily bended when it came to her work. While studying at Cambridge she was asked by a fellow scientist, Maurice Wilkins, to teach him the techniques of crystallography, but she refused. Thus she was known as a troublemaker for refusing to help him. In the book it is said that she did not exhibit her feminine qualities, Though her features were strong she was not unattractive and might have been quite stunning had she taken even a mild interest in her clothes. This she did not. (p23) this is to say that perhaps ...

The Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Definition and Examples

The Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Definition and Examples In grammar, the past perfect is an aspect of the verb that designates an action that has been completed before another past action. Formed with the auxiliary had and the past participle of a verb, its used to indicate a time further back in the past than the present perfect or the simple past tense. The tense is also known as the past perfective, the pluperfect, and the past-in-the-past. The Latin plus quam per fectum means more than perfect, and the French pronunciation of plus is close to ploo, which is where the term pluperfect came from. Past Perfect Examples From Literature Past perfect tense is everywhere, so just about any literature will have examples. Here are a few. Far worst of all, the fever  had settled  in Marys eyes, and Mary was blind.(Laura Ingalls Wilder, On the Banks of Plum Creek, 1937) On the Banks of Plum Creek is one of the books in the Little House on the Prairie series, which was turned into a long-running TV show. Walnut Grove, Minnesota, a town of fewer than 1,000 people, hosts throngs of people every summer at festivals related to the history and the books.   He camped that night on the broad Animas Plain and the wind blew in the grass and he slept on the ground wrapped in the serape  and in the wool blanket the old man  had given  him.(Cormac McCarthy, The Crossing, 1994) Coming-of-age novel The Crossing, set on the border of the Southwestern United States and Mexico during World War II, is noted for its spare dialogue and laconic characters. With his new, heightened feelings, he was overwhelmed by sadness at the way the others  had laughed  and  shouted, playing at war.(Lois Lowry, The Giver, 1993) The Giver, inspired by the memory loss of authors father, became a movie in 2014 starring  Meryl Streep and Jeff Bridges. One great source of pleasure to me was that my wife was delighted with the home I  had given  her amid the prairies of the far west.(William Frederick Buffalo Bill Cody, The Life of Hon. William F. Cody, 1889) Buffalo Bill Cody wrote his autobiography at age 33 and in it recounts his familys move to Kansas when he was a boy and his subsequent life on the frontier as a trapper, buffalo hunter, Army scout, and fighter. At fifteen life  had taught  me undeniably that surrender, in its place, was as honorable as resistance, especially if one had no choice.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1969) In I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou depicts her tumultuous childhood spent between her mothers and grandmothers households, racism, her rape, and her journey to discover her identity and inner strength.  Ã‚   Functions of the Past Perfect With If Clauses As in other past tenses, the past perfect in a subordinate clause, called a  conditional clause,  may signify hypothesis, or something contrary to fact. A past perfect  modal, usually  would or could have, appears in the  main clause. In Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiners Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, the authors give these examples: If you had told me before now, I could have helped. [But I didnt help.]If you had been coming tomorrow, you would have met my mother. [But you didnt meet my mother.] In Sidney Greenbaum and Gerald Nelsons An Introduction to English Grammar, the authors give these examples: If we had been there yesterday, we would have seen them. (But we were not there yesterday.)If he had been given a good mark, he would have told me. (But it seems that he was not given a good mark.) Using the Tense to Show Completion You may also use the past perfect to show completion. For example, She stood outside until he had gone.

Summary Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary Report - Essay Example Although we designed this plan carefully, it is clear that, overall, the entire change simulation plan provided poor results, way below our expectation. A number of change tactics helped us in the implementation process. First, our efforts to conduct a research from the stakeholder and the work groups helped a lot in problem identification. It also gave the workers the motivation to work towards achieving the designed changes. The workers remained loyal during the implementations stage. Secondly, the ability to mobilize the employees by designing an urgency plan was crucial as it attracted their attention of the entire organization to shift their focus on the change plan and reduce their reluctance to change. Since the teams were ready for change, it became easy to work along with them. Monitoring was crucial during this process, as it helped to ensure that the change plan was in due course, hence assisting us to complete the implementation process within the critical time. One of the tactics that lead limited the results of our action plan is the design of vision and the strategy. The vision and strategy developed were not clear, which made it complex to communicate the vision to not only the managers but also the employees. Understanding the company vision and strategy is very important as this gives the organization a direction that they should follow while implementing changes. Even after repetitive meetings, the managers and the work teams failed to understand the vision of the stage process and this made it quite difficult to implement this change. In this change simulation plan, we applied the Kotter’s concepts of a smooth change in organization setting. The idea of Kotter that it is crucial to create a sense of urgency worked quite well for this simulation. In creating the sense of urgency, we informed the employees of the changes and helped